A abertura e gestão de um negócio requer a observância de alguns procedimentos legais e burocráticos. Afinal, é essencial que a constituição da empresa e todas as operações estejam de acordo com aquilo que a lei estabelece.
Nesse sentido, é importante saber como abrir uma empresa e quais são os requisitos necessários para que o empreendimento possa funcionar de forma regular. Esse processo envolve a reunião da documentação exigida legalmente, a elaboração de um planejamento, a definição do porte e do regime tributário, a reserva de capital social, a realização do registro etc.
Quer conhecer mais detalhes de como manter o seu empreendimento na legalidade? Este post é um guia prático e simplificado de como abrir uma empresa e gerenciar o negócio. Acompanhe a leitura!
Entenda a importância de um planejamento estratégico
O planejamento estratégico deve ser feito antes da abertura de qualquer empresa. Essa etapa é fundamental para o sucesso do futuro do negócio e é considerada como um dos pilares para a melhor gestão empresarial. Trata-se de um plano estabelecido após estudos de mercado e de métricas empresariais que têm o objetivo de reduzir a margem de erros e de nortear todas as ações e as decisões gerenciais a serem tomadas.
Os principais elementos que devem constar nesse planejamento estratégico são:
- a missão, a visão e os valores da empresa;
- o objetivo da empresa (melhorar a satisfação dos clientes, reduzir os custos produtivos, aumentar a lucratividade etc.);
- os objetivos operacionais (planos de ação);
- o regime tributário (lucro real, lucro presumido, simples nacional);
- o diagnóstico do mercado;
- os pontos fortes e fracos do negócio etc.
Separe os documentos necessários para abrir uma empresa
Confira, a seguir, a lista contendo os documentos necessários para abrir uma empresa no Brasil:
- RG e CPF dos sócios;
- comprovante de endereço;
- certidão de casamento (se for casado);
- cópia da guia do IPTU ou de documento que comprove a inscrição do imóvel onde a sede da empresa vai funcionar;
- número de entrega do recibo do último IRPF.
Além disso, também será necessário estipular o tipo de negócio da empresa e definir um faturamento médio para o primeiro ano de atuação. Nesse sentido, a depender da atividade da organização, deverão ser entregues alguns documentos, como o registro profissional (OAB, CRM, CRE etc.).
Após essa fase, a empresa já terá um contrato social. A partir daí, o empresário deverá comparecer à Junta Comercial ou ao Cartório (a depender da modalidade de atividade que será realizada) e fazer a solicitação de registro para conseguir obter o CNPJ.
Depois que o requerimento for aprovado e você já tiver o número do CNPJ da empresa, basta ir até a Prefeitura e solicitar o alvará para o funcionamento. A documentação costuma variar conforme o município. Nesse sentido, o ideal é consultar o site da Prefeitura da sua cidade e anotar todos os documentos que são exigidos para a aprovação e para a concessão do alvará.
Vale lembrar que um estrangeiro também pode abrir uma empresa no Brasil. Para isso, ele deve apresentar os seguintes documentos:
- visto válido de residência no Brasil;
- Registro Nacional de Estrangeiros (RNE);
- CPF (Cadastro de Pessoa Física);
- comprovante de endereço.
Faça a Inscrição Municipal da empresa (alvará)
A Inscrição Municipal representa a etapa de cadastramento da empresa na Prefeitura do município onde ela vai exercer as suas atividades. Trata-se de uma permissão de funcionamento que implica o recebimento de um número de identificação municipal. Essa etapa é mais conhecida como solicitação de alvará, que também pode ser chamado de Cadastro Mobiliário ou CCM (Cadastro do Contribuinte Mobiliário).
Essa fase corresponde à formalização efetiva da empresa em caráter municipal. O alvará é concedido pela Prefeitura após a verificação da regularidade dos documentos e da legalidade da atividade que será exercida e mediante o pagamento de uma taxa. Esse documento proporciona a autorização para que a empresa funcione de maneira regular e possa emitir notas fiscais.
A concessão do alvará pressupõe a apresentação de algumas documentações específicas, como:
- documentos da sede da empresa;
- laudo dos Bombeiros confirmando a regularidade do imóvel;
- CNPJ e contrato social da empresa;
- certidão de viabilidade e zoneamento.
Faça o registro da empresa na Junta Comercial
Essa etapa envolve a apresentação e a protocolação dos documentos solicitados na Junta Comercial, o registro do contrato e a solicitação do CNPJ. Após a conclusão desse processo, o CNPJ da empresa é emitido e liberado em um dia, aproximadamente.
Vale ressaltar que o CNPJ corresponde ao documento que confere a legalização diante da Receita Federal. Além do número de Pessoa Jurídica propriamente dito, esse documento também contém as seguintes informações:
- tipo de empreendimento;
- nome empresarial e nome fantasia;
- data de abertura da empresa;
- endereço da sede da empresa;
- atividades que a empresa tem a permissão de desempenhar.
Não se esqueça da Inscrição Estadual
Em regra, as empresas que atuam no ramo do comércio, da indústria e do transporte rodoviário de cargas entre cidades e estados têm a obrigação de solicitar a Inscrição Estadual para que consigam emitir a Nota Fiscal Eletrônica (NF-e) ou o Conhecimento de Transporte Eletrônico (CT-e). Cada estado define as suas normas específicas sobre o tema, portanto, o mais recomendado é solicitar informações no site do governo estadual.
Compreenda a importância da contratação de um contador de confiança
O processo de abertura de uma organização pressupõe o apoio de um profissional de contabilidade especializado nesse tema. Afinal, algumas questões podem ser consideradas complexas para um empresário leigo.
Sendo assim, nada melhor do que um contador experiente no mercado para auxiliá-lo no processo de abertura de empresa. A atuação desse profissional é essencial para conferir se a organização preenche os requisitos legais para a sua atuação, além de trazer segurança jurídica, reduzir custos, evitar desperdícios financeiros, diminuir o risco de crises e otimizar o todo o processo contábil.
Entender como funcionam os trâmites legais, contábeis e burocráticos é o primeiro passo para começar o planejamento estratégico de como abrir empresa e ter sucesso nessa empreitada. De qualquer forma, o ideal é buscar uma ajuda profissional de um contador para que ele possa analisar as questões contábeis envolvendo a regularização e a legalidade desse tipo de negócio.
Tem interesse em contratar uma equipe contábil para gerenciar o seu empreendimento? Então, entre em contato com a First Contabilidade e agende um atendimento!
133 comentários sobre “Quer entender como abrir uma empresa? Conheça o passo a passo!”
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