Gerenciar um negócio próprio e se tornar um empreendedor de sucesso é o sonho de muitas pessoas. Apesar de ser um desafio, abrir uma empresa é uma tarefa mais simples do que pode parecer. Trata-se de um processo que requer a reunião da documentação exigida e a obediência aos procedimentos burocráticos exigidos pela lei.
Afinal, o empreendimento precisa estar legalizado e com uma boa gestão para que comece a funcionar de maneira adequada. Nesse contexto, é essencial elaborar um planejamento, onde serão definidos os aspectos que ajudarão o gestor a tomar decisões importantes, como o regime tributário a ser escolhido, tipo da empresa, capital social, entre outros.
Quer saber mais sobre o assunto? Neste post, nós vamos mostrar como abrir uma empresa totalmente do zero. Confira o nosso passo a passo!
A importância de um planejamento estratégico
O planejamento estratégico deve ser feito antes da abertura de qualquer empresa. Essa etapa é fundamental para o sucesso do negócio e é considerada um dos pilares da boa gestão empresarial.
Trata-se de um plano estabelecido após estudos de mercado e métricas empresariais que tem o objetivo de reduzir a margem de erro e nortear todas as ações e as decisões gerenciais a serem tomadas.
Os principais elementos que devem conter nesse planejamento estratégico são:
- missão, visão e valores da empresa;
- objetivo a empresa (melhorar a satisfação dos cliente, reduzir os custos produtivos, aumentar a lucratividade etc);
- objetivos operacionais (planos de ação);
- regime tributário (lucro real, lucro presumido, simples nacional);
- diagnóstico do mercado;
- pontos fortes e fracos do negócio.
Documentos necessários para abrir uma empresa
Se você quer saber como abrir uma empresa, precisa ter em mente que será preciso lidar com a documentação necessária. Confira a lista dos documentos que serão solicitados:
- RG e CPF dos sócios;
- comprovante de endereço;
- certidão de casamento (se for casado);
- cópia da guia do IPTU ou documento que comprove a inscrição do imóvel onde a sede da empresa vai funcionar;
- número de entrega do recibo do último Imposto de Renda Pessoa Física (IRPF).
Além disso, também será necessário estipular o tipo de negócio da empresa e definir um faturamento médio para o primeiro ano de atuação. A depender da atividade da empresa, ainda deverão ser entregues alguns outros documentos, como o registro profissional (OAB, CRM, CRE).
Após essa fase, a empresa já terá um contrato social. A partir daí, o empreendedor deverá comparecer na Junta Comercial ou no Cartório (a depender da modalidade de atividade que será realizada) e fazer a solicitação de registro para conseguir o número do Cadastro Nacional de Pessoa Jurídica (CNPJ).
Depois que o requerimento for aprovado e você já tiver o CNPJ da empresa, basta ir até a Prefeitura e solicitar o alvará para o funcionamento. A documentação costuma variar conforme o município. Por isso, o ideal é consultar o site da Prefeitura da sua cidade e anotar todos os documentos que são exigidos para a aprovação e concessão do alvará.
Vale lembrar que um estrangeiro também tem como abrir uma empresa no Brasil. Para isso, ele deve apresentar os seguintes documentos:
- visto válido de residência no Brasil;
- Registro Nacional de Estrangeiros (RNE);
- CPF;
- comprovante de endereço.
Inscrição Municipal da empresa (alvará)
A Inscrição Municipal representa a etapa de cadastramento da empresa na Prefeitura do município onde ela vai exercer as suas atividades. Trata-se de uma permissão de funcionamento que implica o recebimento de um número de identificação municipal. Essa etapa é mais conhecida como alvará, mas também pode ser chamada de Cadastro Mobiliário ou Cadastro do Contribuinte Mobiliário (CCM).
Ela corresponde à formalização efetiva da empresa em caráter municipal. O alvará é concedido pela Prefeitura após a verificação da regularidade dos documentos, da legalidade da atividade que será exercida e mediante o pagamento de uma taxa. Esse documento autoriza que a empresa funcione de maneira regular e possa emitir notas fiscais.
A concessão do alvará pressupõe a apresentação de alguns documentos específicos, como:
- documentos da sede da empresa;
- laudo dos bombeiros confirmando a regularidade do imóvel;
- CNPJ e contrato social da empresa;
- certidão de viabilidade e zoneamento.
Registro da empresa na Junta Comercial
Essa etapa envolve a apresentação e protocolação dos documentos solicitados na Junta Comercial, o registro do contrato e a solicitação do CNPJ. Após a conclusão desse processo na, o CNPJ da empresa é emitido e liberado em um dia, aproximadamente.
Vale ressaltar que o CNPJ corresponde ao documento que confere legalização da empresa diante da Receita Federal. Além do número de Pessoa Jurídica propriamente dito, esse documento também contém as seguintes informações:
- tipo de empreendimento;
- nome empresarial e nome fantasia;
- a data de abertura da empresa;
- endereço da sede da empresa;
- atividades que a empresa tem a permissão para desempenhar.
Inscrição Estadual da empresa
Em regra, as empresas que atuam no ramo do comércio, indústria e transporte rodoviário de cargas entre cidades e estados têm a obrigação de solicitar a Inscrição Estadual para que consigam emitir a Nota Fiscal Eletrônica (NF-e) ou o Conhecimento de Transporte Eletrônico (CT-e). Cada Estado define as suas normas específicas sobre o tema. Portanto, o mais recomendado é solicitar informações no site do governo estadual.
Por que contratar um contador de confiança
O processo de abertura de uma empresa pressupõe o apoio de um profissional de contabilidade especializado nesse tema. Afinal, algumas questões podem ser consideradas complexas para um empresário leigo.
Nada melhor do que um contador experiente no mercado para orientá-lo sobre como abrir uma empresa da maneira adequada. A atuação desse profissional é essencial para conferir se ela preenche os requisitos legais para a sua atuação, além de trazer segurança jurídica, reduzir custos, evitar desperdícios financeiros, diminuir o risco de crises e otimizar o todo o processo contábil.
Entender como funcionam os trâmites legais, contábeis e burocráticos é o primeiro passo para começar o planejamento estratégico de como abrir empresa e ter sucesso nessa empreitada. De qualquer forma, o ideal é buscar a ajuda profissional de um contador para que ele possa analisar as questões contábeis envolvendo a regularização e legalidade desse tipo de negócio.
Gostou do conteúdo? Quer incentivar um amigo a abrir uma empresa? Então, compartilhe este artigo nas suas redes sociais e passe o conhecimento adiante!
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